In historical use by: Eastern Orthodox (appendix in some Greek Bibles) — Printed as an appendix in some Greek Orthodox Bibles (and in some Georgian Orthodox Bibles) and transmitted with the Septuagint, but not part of the canon of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox or Oriental Orthodox churches generally.
Author unknown, a Hellenistic Jewish writer, likely composing sometime in the 1st century AD (proposals range from the mid-1st century BC to shortly after AD 70). A philosophical treatise using the martyrdoms recounted in 2 Maccabees to argue that devout reason can master the passions -- part sermon, part Stoic-influenced philosophy.