woolen

Let not any one of you wear a garment made of woolen and linen, for that is appointed to be for the priests alone.

Felted materials [can be] prohibited because of kilayim, since they are combed. It is prohibited to attach a string of wool to linen material, since this resembles weaving. Rabbi Yose says: it is forbidden to use cords of purple [wool to tie round a loose linen garment], since before he ties it, he stitches it on. One may not tie a strip of woolen material with one of linen material for the purpose of girdling one’s loins, even if there is a leather strap between the two.

Weaver’s mark’s or launderer’s marks [can be] prohibited because of kilayim. One who sticks one thread [through material], this does not constitute a connection, nor does [the prohibition of] kilayim apply and one who unties [such a connection] on Shabbat is exempt. If one made its two ends come out on the same side [of the material], this constitutes a connection, and it comes under the prohibition of kilayim, and one who unties such a connection on Shabbat is liable. Rabbi Judah said: [the prohibition does not apply] until one has made three stitches. A sack and a basket [one having a strip of woolen material attached to it, and the other a strip of linen] combine to form kilayim.

Three woolen pillow-covers, six linen ones, three sheets, twelve handkerchiefs, two pant-sleeves, one shirt, one cloak, or one winter-cloak, can be regarded as connected in respect of both uncleanness and sprinkling. If they exceed this number they are regarded as connected in respect of uncleanness but not in respect of sprinkling. Rabbi Yose says: not even in respect of uncleanness.

A thick woolen jacket or a thick wooden block does not bring uncleanness until they are one handbreadth high off the ground. If [garments] are folded one above the other they do not bring uncleanness until the uppermost is one handbreadth high off the ground. If a person were placed there [under the split in the portico]: Bet Shammai says: he does not bring the uncleanness. But Bet Hillel says: a person is hollow and his uppermost side brings the uncleanness.

A thick woolen jacket or a thick wooden block does not bring uncleanness until they are one handbreadth high off the ground. If [garments] are folded one above the other they do not bring uncleanness until the uppermost is one handbreadth high off the ground. Tablets of wood [placed] one above the other do not bring uncleanness unless the uppermost is one handbreadth high off the ground; But if they were of marble, the uncleanness cleaves upwards and downwards.

“Only wool and linen can become impure by mold disease,” for it is written (Lev. 13:47) “on woolen cloth or on linen cloth.” I could think they can become impure whether dyed or natural; the verse says “woolen cloth or linen cloth.” Just as linen is in its natural state so wool must also be in its natural state. I might exclude what was dyed by humans but not what was dyed by nature; the verse says (Lev. 13:48): “For the linen and for the wool”, just as linen is white so wool has to be white.

“Only wool and linen can become impure by mold disease,” for it is written (Lev. 13:47) “on woolen cloth or on linen cloth.” I could think they can become impure whether dyed or natural; the verse says “woolen cloth or linen cloth.” Just as linen is in its natural state so wool must also be in its natural state. I might exclude what was dyed by humans but not what was dyed by nature; the verse says (Lev. 13:48): “For the linen and for the wool”, just as linen is white so wool has to be white.

“Padded shoes”. There are places where they are padded from the outside. As Rebbi Zeïra said to Rebbi Abba bar Zemina to tell Bar Rishon not to sew his shoes with flax but with [leather] strips. Rebbi Zeïra agrees that if one bound a woolen belt over a linen garment that would be permitted, for if he makes himself thin, it will fall down.

They asked before Rebbi Illaï: May one sew one’s shoes with flax? He said to them, because of Rebbi Zeïra, for Rebbi Zeïra said it is forbidden. Rebbi Illaï will agree that it is forbidden to wear woolen socks over linen socks since he cannot take off the inner ones unless he first takes off the outer ones. The father of Rav Safra asked Rebbi Zeïra: May one put coins in a woolen bag and tie it with a linen thread, or put coins on a linen cloth and tie it with a woolen thread? He said to him, does the rabbi not know Rav Huna? For Rav Huna said, it is forbidden. Rebbi Avina said, it is forbidden. Samuel said, it is permitted. Rebbi Jacob bar Ada in the name of Rebbi Yasa said, it is permitted.

They asked before Rebbi Illaï: May one sew one’s shoes with flax? He said to them, because of Rebbi Zeïra, for Rebbi Zeïra said it is forbidden. Rebbi Illaï will agree that it is forbidden to wear woolen socks over linen socks since he cannot take off the inner ones unless he first takes off the outer ones. The father of Rav Safra asked Rebbi Zeïra: May one put coins in a woolen bag and tie it with a linen thread, or put coins on a linen cloth and tie it with a woolen thread? He said to him, does the rabbi not know Rav Huna? For Rav Huna said, it is forbidden. Rebbi Avina said, it is forbidden. Samuel said, it is permitted. Rebbi Jacob bar Ada in the name of Rebbi Yasa said, it is permitted.

They asked before Rebbi Illaï: May one sew one’s shoes with flax? He said to them, because of Rebbi Zeïra, for Rebbi Zeïra said it is forbidden. Rebbi Illaï will agree that it is forbidden to wear woolen socks over linen socks since he cannot take off the inner ones unless he first takes off the outer ones. The father of Rav Safra asked Rebbi Zeïra: May one put coins in a woolen bag and tie it with a linen thread, or put coins on a linen cloth and tie it with a woolen thread? He said to him, does the rabbi not know Rav Huna? For Rav Huna said, it is forbidden. Rebbi Avina said, it is forbidden. Samuel said, it is permitted. Rebbi Jacob bar Ada in the name of Rebbi Yasa said, it is permitted.

MISHNAH: Only spun and woven cloth is forbidden because of kilaim since it is said (Deut. 22:11): “Do not wear šaʻaṭnez”, anything carded, spun, or woven. Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar said, he has turned aside and turned his Father in Heaven against him. Felt is forbidden because it is carded. A woolen border on a linen garment is forbidden because it goes around like the woven part. Rebbi Yose says, woven ropes are forbidden because he stitches them before he ties them. One should not bind a strip of wool on one of linen to gird his hips even if a leather belt is in between.

HALAKHAH: It could have stated שעו and not טוי. If it had stated שעז but not טוי we would have said that spinning is permitted. But the Mishnah does not say so, but “only spun and woven cloth is forbidden because of kilaim.” It could have stated שעט and not נוז. If it had stated שעט but not נוז we would have said that weaving is permitted. But the Mishnah does not say so, but “a woolen border on a linen garment is forbidden because it goes around like the woven part.” It could have stated טנז and not שע. If it had stated טנז but not שע we would have said that carding is permitted. But the Mishnah does not say so, but “felt is forbidden because it is carded.”

Rebbi Jeremiah asked, can he and his son combine for kilaim? How may this be? He wears woolen clothes but his son wears linen clothes. He takes a woolen belt and winds it around both of them. Rebbi Yose said, where is it bitten? Rebbi Ḥaggai asked, can he himself bring together for kilaim? How may this be? He wears a woolen sock on one foot and a linen one on the other foot. Rebbi Yose said, where is it bitten? No, it is needed if he had the ends of wounds, put a plaster of a woolen patch on one end and a linen patch on the other end. Rebbi Yose said, where is it bitten? Nothing is forbidden unless there is biting.

Rebbi Jeremiah asked, can he and his son combine for kilaim? How may this be? He wears woolen clothes but his son wears linen clothes. He takes a woolen belt and winds it around both of them. Rebbi Yose said, where is it bitten? Rebbi Ḥaggai asked, can he himself bring together for kilaim? How may this be? He wears a woolen sock on one foot and a linen one on the other foot. Rebbi Yose said, where is it bitten? No, it is needed if he had the ends of wounds, put a plaster of a woolen patch on one end and a linen patch on the other end. Rebbi Yose said, where is it bitten? Nothing is forbidden unless there is biting.

Rebbi Jeremiah asked, can he and his son combine for kilaim? How may this be? He wears woolen clothes but his son wears linen clothes. He takes a woolen belt and winds it around both of them. Rebbi Yose said, where is it bitten? Rebbi Ḥaggai asked, can he himself bring together for kilaim? How may this be? He wears a woolen sock on one foot and a linen one on the other foot. Rebbi Yose said, where is it bitten? No, it is needed if he had the ends of wounds, put a plaster of a woolen patch on one end and a linen patch on the other end. Rebbi Yose said, where is it bitten? Nothing is forbidden unless there is biting.

Rebbi Jeremiah asked, can he and his son combine for kilaim? How may this be? He wears woolen clothes but his son wears linen clothes. He takes a woolen belt and winds it around both of them. Rebbi Yose said, where is it bitten? Rebbi Ḥaggai asked, can he himself bring together for kilaim? How may this be? He wears a woolen sock on one foot and a linen one on the other foot. Rebbi Yose said, where is it bitten? No, it is needed if he had the ends of wounds, put a plaster of a woolen patch on one end and a linen patch on the other end. Rebbi Yose said, where is it bitten? Nothing is forbidden unless there is biting.

“Nor female sheep with yaḥnun.” Rav Jehudah says, a woolen cap. Rebbi Yasa in the name of Rebbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina: It is a root named yaḥnūnâ. Rebbi Zeˋira asked before Rebbi Yose: Does this not imply that it is forbidden to let an animal go out with an expert amulet? He told him, yes, Babylonian, you understood it.

MISHNAH: With what may a woman go out and with what may she not go out? A woman may go out neither with woolen or linen threads nor with ribbons on her head and she may not immerse herself wearing them unless she relaxes them. To the public domain not with a frontlet nor with a head-dress hanging down the cheeks as long as they are not sewn, nor an under-cap. Also not with a city of gold, nor with a chain, nor with nose rings, nor with a ring without a seal, nor with a pin. If she went out she is not liable for a purification offering.

The rabbis of Caesarea asked, what means “one on the weave”? One on top of two, one on top of three. The rabbis here are saying, one on top of two. If there was one large toga, at the start until he weave two threads of it, and at the end the most minute amount. “One who weaves two threads on top of the back, on top of the seam, in the most minute amount is liable. To what may this be compared? To a small belt where he is liable if he wove two threads in the width of three spaces.” And with woolen warp it is as at the start, and this cloth even at the end it is weave, and this veil even at the end it is weave.

HALAKHAH: Rebbi Yose says, 18 garments.” And they are these: The burnus, arm cover, and money belt, and felt cap, and a kafia, and a linen tunic, and a woolen shirt, and two felt stockings, two garters, and two breeches, two shoes, and the hat on his head, and the belt on his hips, and shawls on his arms.

HALAKHAH: “The decree of seven”, sandal and soap. “The decree of thirty,” mending, and pressing, and shaving. What is pressing? New pressed woolen garments, and pressed white linen garments. Rebbi Ḥelbo, Rav Ḥuna in the name of Rav: If his eighth day fell on a Sabbath, he shaves on Friday. How is this possible? Explain it if he had been dragged away by a wild animal and they gave up hope to look after him. It was stated thus: When do you start to count for somebody who was dragged away by a wild animal? When they gave up hope to look after him. If they found separate limbs of him one counts when his head and most of his body had been found. Rebbi Jehudah says, spine and skull form the majority. Rebbi Abun said, explain it that the cover plate was laid Friday evening at the start of darkness. How is this possible? Rebbi Aḥa said, explain it if it was closed by a Gentile. Some wanted to say that he received a current notice on the Sabbath.

For all deceased he is forbidden ironing up to Thirty. For his father and his mother all of twelve months. What is ironing? Ironed new woolen garments and ironed white linen garments.

HALAKHAH: “Our head’s crown fell”; these are the grooms’ crowns, that is gilded woolen strips. Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav: Of salt and sulfur. Rav Jeremiah in the name of Rav: Of salt and olives. Rav Naḥman bar Jacob said, even of willows. Rav Jeremiah of Šibšeb wore a crown of olive branches. Samuel heard this and said, it would have been better for him it he had been beheaded but not done this thing. That happened to him, as “an error coming from before the ruler.”

One may not see him when naked, nor when he is being barbered, nor when he is in his bath, because your eyes shall see the king in his beauty. Rebbi Ḥanina went to visit Rebbi Jehudah the Prince. He came to meet him dressed in sail-cloth. He told him, go and wear your lagin, because of your eyes shall see the king in his beauty. Rebbi Joḥanan went to visit Rebbi Jehudah the Prince. He came to meet him dressed in a linen gown. He told him, go and wear your woolen gown, because of the king in his beauty. When he left, he told him, bring עטעמה. He answered, send and get Menaḥem Ptolemy, for it is written: Graceful teaching is on her tongue. Leaving, he saw Rebbi Ḥanina bar Sisi splitting wood. He told him, Rebbi, that is not fitting for you. He answered, what can I do? I have nobody to serve me. He retorted, if you have nobody to serve you, you should not have accepted ordination.