Mishnah Shabbat 4

1In what things may they cover up [food], and in what things may they not cover it up? They may not cover up [food] in peat, compost, salt, lime, or sand, whether moist or dry; Nor in straw, grape-skins, rags or grasses, when they are moist; but they may cover up [food] in them when they are dry. They may cover up [food] in garments, produce, doves’ wings, carpenters’ sawdust and thoroughly beaten flax. Rabbi Judah forbids [storing] in fine [flax], but permits [it] in coarse [flax].

בַּמֶּה טוֹמְנִין וּבַמָּה אֵין טוֹמְנִין. אֵין טוֹמְנִין לֹא בְגֶפֶת וְלֹא בְזֶבֶל, לֹא בְמֶלַח וְלֹא בְסִיד וְלֹא בְחֹל, בֵּין לַחִים בֵּין יְבֵשִׁים. לֹא בְתֶבֶן וְלֹא בְזָגִים וְלֹא בְמוֹכִים וְלֹא בַעֲשָׂבִים בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵן לַחִים, אֲבָל טוֹמְנִין בָּהֶן כְּשֶׁהֵן יְבֵשִׁין. טוֹמְנִין בִּכְסוּת וּבְפֵרוֹת, בְּכַנְפֵי יוֹנָה וּבִנְסֹרֶת שֶׁל חָרָשִׁים וּבִנְעֹרֶת שֶׁל פִּשְׁתָּן דַּקָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר בְּדַקָּה וּמַתִּיר בְּגַסָּה: (11459)

2They may cover up [food] with hides, and they may be handled; [They may cover up food] with wool shearings, but they may not be handled. What then is done? The lid [of the pot] is lifted, and they [the shearings] fall off of their own accord. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah says: the basket [holding the pot] he turns on its side and [the food] is removed, lest one lift [the lid of the pot] and is unable to replace it. But the Sages say: one may take [out the pot] and replace [it]. If he did not cover it [a pot] while it was yet day, it may not be covered after nightfall. If it was covered but became uncovered, it may be recovered. One may fill a jug with [cold water] and place it under a pillow or blanket [to keep it cool].

טוֹמְנִין בִּשְׁלָחִין, וּמְטַלְטְלִין אוֹתָן, בְּגִזֵּי צֶמֶר, וְאֵין מְטַלְטְלִין אוֹתָן. כֵּיצַד הוּא עוֹשֶׂה, נוֹטֵל אֶת הַכִּסּוּי וְהֵן נוֹפְלוֹת. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר, קֻפָּה, מַטָּהּ עַל צִדָּהּ וְנוֹטֵל, שֶׁמָּא יִטֹּל וְאֵינוֹ יָכֹל לְהַחֲזִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, נוֹטֵל וּמַחֲזִיר. לֹא כִסָּהוּ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, לֹא יְכַסֶּנּוּ מִשֶּׁתֶּחְשָׁךְ. כִּסָּהוּ וְנִתְגַּלָּה, מֻתָּר לְכַסּוֹתוֹ. מְמַלֵּא אֶת הַקִּיתוֹן וְנוֹתֵן לְתַחַת הַכַּר, אוֹ תַחַת הַכָּסֶת: (14477)

English translation: Joshua Kulp, Mishnah Yomit (Conservative Yeshiva), via Sefaria, licensed CC BY; changes made (line breaks, spacing, a typo, and Kulp's study notes removed from five mishnayot). Hebrew: Torat Emet 357, public domain; Bikkurim chapter 4 from Dan Be'eri's edition of the Kaufmann manuscript, public domain.