Testament of Reuben

Pseudonymously presented as Reuben's deathbed testament to his sons, modeled on Jacob's blessings in Genesis 49, one of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs; actual author unknown. Scholars are divided on whether the collection is fundamentally a Jewish work with later Christian additions or a 2nd-century AD Christian composition drawing on older Jewish material, so proposed dates span roughly the 2nd century BC to the 2nd century AD. Reuben warns his sons against sexual immorality, confessing his own sin with Bilhah (Genesis 35:22).