Sheviit 9

The Babylonian Talmud is not available for this tractate yet.

Mishnah Sheviit 9:1

Rue, goosefoot, purslane, hill coriander, celery, and meadow-berries, are exempt from tithes. And they may be purchased from anyone during the sabbatical year, since such produce is not usually stored. Rabbi Judah says: aftergrowths of mustard are permitted, since transgressors are not suspected concerning them. Rabbi Shimon says: all aftergrowths are permitted, with the exception of the aftergrowths of cabbage, since such cannot be placed within the category of field-vegetables. But the sages say: all aftergrowths are forbidden.

הַפֵּגָם, וְהַיַּרְבּוּזִין הַשּׁוֹטִים, וְהַחֲלַגְלוֹגִית, כֻּסְבָּר שֶׁבֶּהָרִים, וְהַכַּרְפַּס שֶׁבַּנְּהָרוֹת, וְהַגַּרְגֵּר שֶׁל אֲפָר, פְּטוּרִין מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וְנִלְקָחִין מִכָּל אָדָם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, שֶׁאֵין כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶם נִשְׁמָר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, סְפִיחֵי חַרְדָּל, מֻתָּרִין, שֶׁלֹּא נֶחְשְׁדוּ עֲלֵיהֶן עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵרָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַסְּפִיחִין מֻתָּרִין, חוּץ מִסְּפִיחֵי כְרוּב, שֶׁאֵין כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶם בְּיַרְקוֹת שָׂדֶה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כָּל הַסְּפִיחִין אֲסוּרִין:

Jerusalem Talmud, Halakhah 9:1

Mishnah Sheviit 9:2

There are three territories in respect to the law of removal [of sheviit produce]: [these are]: Judea, Transjordan, and Galilee, and there are three territories in each one. Upper Galilee, lower Galilee, and the valley. From Kefar Hananiah upwards, the region where sycamores do not grow, is Upper Galilee. From Kefar Hananiah downwards, where the sycamores do grow, is Lower Galilee. The borders of Tiberias are the valley. Those of Judea are: the mountain region, the plains [of the south], and the valley. The plains of Lod are like the plains of the south, and its mountain region is like the king's hill-country. From Bet Horon to the sea is considered as one land.

שָׁלֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת לַבִּעוּר, יְהוּדָה, וְעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן, וְהַגָּלִיל. וְשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁלֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת לְכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת. גָּלִיל הָעֶלְיוֹן, וְגָלִיל הַתַּחְתּוֹן, וְהָעֵמֶק. מִכְּפַר חֲנַנְיָה וּלְמַעְלָן, כָּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְגַדֵּל שִׁקְמִין, גָּלִיל הָעֶלְיוֹן, וּמִכְּפַר חֲנַנְיָה וּלְמַטָּן, כָּל שֶׁהוּא מְגַדֵּל שִׁקְמִין, גָּלִיל הַתַּחְתּוֹן. וּתְחוּם טְבֶרְיָא, הָעֵמֶק. וּבִיהוּדָה, הָהָר וְהַשְּׁפֵלָה וְהָעֵמֶק. וּשְׁפֵלַת לוּד כִּשְׁפֵלַת הַדָּרוֹם, וְהָהָר שֶׁלָּהּ כְּהַר הַמֶּלֶךְ. מִבֵּית חוֹרוֹן וְעַד הַיָּם מְדִינָה אֶחָת:

Jerusalem Talmud, Halakhah 9:2 (on Mishnah 9:2–3)

Mishnah Sheviit 9:3

Why did they speak of three territories? So that they may eat in each country until the last of the seventh year produce in that country is ended. Rabbi Shimon says: they have spoken of three countries only in the case of Judea, but all other territories are to be regarded as King’s mountain (Har Hamelekh). And all other territories are the same with regard to the olive and date.

וְלָמָּה אָמְרוּ שָׁלֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ אוֹכְלִין בְּכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת עַד שֶׁיִּכְלֶה הָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁבָּהּ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, לֹא אָמְרוּ שָׁלֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת אֶלָּא בִיהוּדָה. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הָאֲרָצוֹת, כְּהַר הַמֶּלֶךְ. וְכָל הָאֲרָצוֹת, כְּאַחַת לַזֵּיתִים וְלַתְּמָרִים:

The Jerusalem Talmud discusses this mishnah with 9:2 above.

Mishnah Sheviit 9:4

One may eat by virtue of similar produce regarded as ownerless [still found in the fields], but not when it was stored [and declared ownerless]. Rabbi Yose permits even when it was stored [and then declared ownerless]. One may continue to eat by virtue of the poor grains [that grow between the grass], or by virtue of the trees that yield bi-annually, but one must not eat by virtue of winter-grapes. Rabbi Judah permits provided they began to ripen before the summer [of the seventh year] had ended.

אוֹכְלִין עַל הַמֻּפְקָר, אֲבָל לֹא עַל הַשָּׁמוּר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר אַף עַל הַשָּׁמוּר. אוֹכְלִין עַל הַטְּפִיחִין וְעַל הַדּוּפְרָא, אֲבָל לֹא עַל הַסִּתְוָנִיּוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר כָּל זְמַן שֶׁבִּכְּרוּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא יִכְלֶה הַקָּיִץ:

Jerusalem Talmud, Halakhah 9:3

Mishnah Sheviit 9:5

One who preserved three kinds of vegetables in one jar: Rabbi Eliezer says they may be eaten only so long as the first still remains [in the field]. But Rabbi Joshua says: even so long as the last remains. Rabban Gamaliel says: when the like kind is no longer to be found in the field, the same kind in the jar must be removed, [and the halachah agrees with him.] Rabbi Shimon says: all vegetables are regarded as one [kind] in respect of the law of removal. Purslane may be eaten until there is no more wild purslane in the valley of Bet Netopha.

הַכּוֹבֵשׁ שְׁלֹשָׁה כְבָשִׁים בְּחָבִית אַחַת, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אוֹכְלִין עַל הָרִאשׁוֹן. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אַף עַל הָאַחֲרוֹן. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁכָּלָה מִינוֹ מִן הַשָּׂדֶה, יְבַעֵר מִינוֹ מִן הֶחָבִית, וַהֲלָכָה כִדְבָרָיו. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כָּל יָרָק, אֶחָד לַבִּעוּר. אוֹכְלִין בָּרְגִילָה עַד שֶׁיִּכְלוּ סִגָּרִיּוֹת מִבִּקְעַת בֵּית נְטוֹפָה:

Jerusalem Talmud, Halakhah 9:4

Mishnah Sheviit 9:6

If one gathered moist herbs, he may eat them until the sweet [herbs in the field] have dried up. And if he gathered dry [herbs], [he may eat them] until the second rainfall. Leaves of reeds and of leaves of the vine [may be eaten] until they fall from the stems. But if he gathered them dry, they may be eaten until the second rainfall. Rabbi Akiba says: in all these cases, [they may be eaten] until the second rainfall.

הַמְלַקֵּט עֲשָׂבִים לַחִים, עַד שֶׁיִּיבַשׁ הַמָּתוֹק. וְהַמְגַבֵּב בַּיָּבֵשׁ, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. עֲלֵי קָנִים וַעֲלֵי גְפָנִים, עַד שֶׁיִּשְּׁרוּ מֵאֲבִיהֶן. וְהַמְגַבֵּב בַּיָּבֵשׁ, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, בְּכֻלָּן עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה:

Jerusalem Talmud, Halakhah 9:5 (on Mishnah 9:6–7)

Mishnah Sheviit 9:7

Similarly, if one rents a house to someone “until the rains,” he means until the second rainfall. Or if one had vowed not to derive any benefit from his friend “until the rains” [he is prohibited] until the second rainfall. Until when may the poor enter the orchards? Until the second rainfall. And when may one begin to enjoy or burn the straw and stubble of sabbatical produce? After the second rainfall.

כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, הַמַּשְׂכִּיר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵרוֹ עַד הַגְּשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. הַמֻּדַּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ עַד הַגְּשָׁמִים, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. עַד אֵימָתַי עֲנִיִּים נִכְנָסִים לַפַּרְדֵּסוֹת, עַד שֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה. מֵאֵימָתַי נֶהֱנִין וְשׂוֹרְפִין בַּתֶּבֶן וּבַקַּשׁ שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית, מִשֶׁתֵּרֵד רְבִיעָה שְׁנִיָּה:

The Jerusalem Talmud discusses this mishnah with 9:6 above.

Mishnah Sheviit 9:8

If one had sabbatical produce [at home] and the time of removal had come, he may give out food for three meals to every one. Rabbi Judah says: the poor may eat from it even after the removal, but not the rich. But Rabbi Yose says: both the poor and the rich may eat after the removal.

מִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ פֵּרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית וְהִגִּיעַ שְׁעַת הַבִּעוּר, מְחַלֵּק מְזוֹן שָׁלֹשׁ סְעֻדּוֹת לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד. וַעֲנִיִּים אוֹכְלִין אַחַר הַבִּעוּר, אֲבָל לֹא עֲשִׁירִים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֶחָד עֲנִיִּים וְאֶחָד עֲשִׁירִים אוֹכְלִין אַחַר הַבִּעוּר:

Jerusalem Talmud, Halakhah 9:6 (on Mishnah 9:8–9)

Mishnah Sheviit 9:9

If one had inherited seventh year produce or had received them as a gift: Rabbi Eliezer says: they must be given to anyone who eats them. But the sages say: the sinner must not benefit, rather it should be sold to anyone who eats it, and its price divided among everyone. If one eats dough of seventh year [produce] before the hallah was taken from it, he has incurred thereby the death penalty [at the hands of heaven].

מִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ פֵּרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לוֹ בִירֻשָּׁה אוֹ שֶׁנִּתְּנוּ לוֹ בְּמַתָּנָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִנָּתְנוּ לְאוֹכְלֵיהֶן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין הַחוֹטֵא נִשְׂכָּר, אֶלָּא יִמָּכְרוּ לְאוֹכְלֵיהֶן, וּדְמֵיהֶם יִתְחַלְּקוּ לְכָל אָדָם. הָאוֹכֵל מֵעִסַּת שְׁבִיעִית עַד שֶׁלֹּא הוּרְמָה חַלָּתָהּ, חַיָּב מִיתָה:

The Jerusalem Talmud discusses this mishnah with 9:8 above.

The Mishnah: English translation: Joshua Kulp, Mishnah Yomit (Conservative Yeshiva), via Sefaria, licensed CC BY; changes made (line breaks, spacing, a typo, and Kulp's study notes removed from five mishnayot). Hebrew: Torat Emet 357, public domain; Bikkurim chapter 4 from Dan Be'eri's edition of the Kaufmann manuscript, public domain.

The Jerusalem Talmud: English translation and Hebrew/Aramaic text: Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, The Jerusalem Talmud: Edition, Translation, and Commentary (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999-2015), via Sefaria, licensed CC BY 4.0; changes made (his footnotes and the page markers removed).