Epistle of Barnabas 12

1In like manner He points to the cross of Christ in another prophet, who saith, “And when shall these things be accomplished? And the Lord saith, When a tree shall be bent down, and again arise, and when blood shall flow out of wood.” Here again you have an intimation concerning the cross, and Him who should be crucified. Yet again He speaks of this in Moses, when Israel was attacked by strangers. And that He might remind them, when assailed, that it was on account of their sins they were delivered to death, the Spirit speaks to the heart of Moses, that he should make a figure of the cross, and of Him about to suffer thereon; for unless they put their trust in Him, they shall be overcome for ever. Moses therefore placed one weapon above another in the midst of the hill, and standing upon it, so as to be higher than all the people, he stretched forth his hands, and thus again Israel acquired the mastery. But when again he let down his hands, they were again destroyed. For what reason? That they might know that they could not be saved unless they put their trust in Him. And in another prophet He declares, “All day long I have stretched forth my hands to an unbelieving people, and one that gainsays my righteous way.” And again Moses makes a type of Jesus, [signifying] that it was necessary for Him to suffer, [and also] that He would be the author of life [to others], whom they believed to have destroyed on the cross when Israel was falling. For since transgression was committed by Eve through means of the serpent, [the Lord] brought it to pass that every [kind of] serpents bit them, and they died, that He might convince them, that on account of their transgression they were given over to the straits of death. Moreover Moses, when he commanded, “Ye shall not have any graven or molten [image] for your God,” did so that he might reveal a type of Jesus. Moses then makes a brazen serpent, and places it upon a beam, and by proclamation assembles the people. When, therefore, they were come together, they besought Moses that he would offer sacrifice in their behalf, and pray for their recovery. And Moses spake unto them, saying, “When any one of you is bitten, let him come to the serpent placed on the pole; and let him hope and believe, that even though dead, it is able to give him life, and immediately he shall be restored.” And they did so. Thou hast in this also [an indication of] the glory of Jesus; for in Him and to Him are all things. What, again, says Moses to Jesus (Joshua) the son of Nave, when he gave him this name, as being a prophet, with this view only, that all the people might hear that the Father would reveal all things concerning His Son Jesus to the son of Nave? This name then being given him when he sent him to spy out the land, he said, “Take a book into thy hands, and write what the Lord declares, that the Son of God will in the last days cut off from the roots all the house of Amalek.” Behold again: Jesus who was manifested, both by type and in the flesh, is not the Son of man, but the Son of God. Since, therefore, they were to say that Christ was the son of David, fearing and understanding the error of the wicked, he saith, “The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit at my right hand, until I make Thine enemies Thy footstool.” And again, thus saith Isaiah, “The Lord said to Christ, my Lord, whose right hand I have holden, that the nations should yield obedience before Him; and I will break in pieces the strength of kings.” Behold how David calleth Him Lord and the Son of God.

‘Opolws πάλιν περὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ ὁρίζει ἐν ἄλλῳ προφήτῃ λέγοντι" Kai πότε tafta ςγντελεςθήςεται; λέγει Kypioc Ὅταν ξύλον KAIOH καὶ dNacTH, Kal Oran ἐκ ZYAoy alma Ἵτάξη. ἔχεις πάλιν περὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ καὶ τοῦ σταυροῦσθαι μέλλον- Tos. λέγει δὲ πάλιν [ἐν) τῷ Μωύῦσῇ, πολεμουμένου τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων, καὶ ἵνα ὑπομνήσῃ αὐτοὺς πολεμουμένους ὅτι διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν παρεδόθησαν εἰς θάνατον" λέγει εἰς τὴν καρδίαν Μωῦύσέως τὸ πνεῦμα, ἕνα ποιήσῃ τύπον σταυροῦ καὶ τοῦ μέλλοντος πάσχειν, ὅτι ἐὰν μή, φησίν, ἐλπίσωσιν ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα πολεμηθή- σονται. τίθησιν οὖν Μωῦσῆς ὃν ἐφ᾽ ὃν ὅπλον ἐν μέσῳ τῆς “πυγμῆς, καὶ ὑψηλότερος σταθεὶς πάντων ἐξέτεινεν τὰς χεῖρας" καὶ οὕτως πάλιν ἐνίκα 6 ᾿Ισραήλ. εἶτα, ὁπόταν καθεῖλεν, ἐθανατοῦντο. πρὸς τί; ἵνα γνῶσιν ὅτι οὐ δύνανται σωθῆ- pat, ἐὰν μὴ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ ἐλπίσωσιν. καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἑτέρῳ “προφήτῃ λέγει" Ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν ἐξεπέτδοδ τὰς χεῖράς MOY Is. Ixv. πρὸς λαὸν ἀπειθηῖ Kal ἀντιλέγοντὰ ὁδῷ Atkaia Moy. Πάλεν ἹΜωῦσῆς ποιεῖ τύπον τοῦ “Incod, ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν παθεῖν καὶ αὐτὸς ζωοποιήσει ὃν δόξουσιν ἀπολωλεκέναι ἐν σημείῳ, πίπ- τοντος τοῦ ΙΙσραήλ. ἐποίησεν γὰρ Κύριος πάντα ὄφιν δάκνειν αὐτούς, καὶ ἀπέθνησκον (ἐπειδὴ ἡ παράβασις διὰ τοῦ ὄφεως ἐν Εὐᾳ ἐγένετο), ἵνα ἔλόγξῃ αὐτοὺς ὅτε διὰ τὴν παράβασιν αὐτῶν εἰς θλῖψιν θανάτου παραδοθήσονται. πέρας γέ τοι αὐτὸς Matos ἐντειλάμενος" ΟΥκ ἔσται Ὑμῖν οἦτε χωνεγτὸν Dent. οὔτε γλυπτὸν εἰς θεόν ὑμῖν, αὐτὸς ποιεῖ, ἵνα τύπον τοῦ ᾿Ιησοῦ δ "5 δείξη. ποιεῖ οὖν Μωῦσῆς χαλκοῦν ὄφιν καὶ τίθησιν ἐνδόξως, καὶ κηρύγματι καλεῖ τὸν λαόν. ἐλθόντες οὖν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐδέοντο Μωύσέως ἵνα περὶ αὐτῶν ἀνενέγκῃ δέησιν περὶ τῆς ἰάσεως αὐτῶν. εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς Mavons Ὅταν, φησίν, δηχθῇ τις ὑμῶν, ἐλθέτω ἐπὶ τὸν ὄφιν τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου ἐπικείμενον, καὶ ἐλπισάτω πιστεύσας ὅτι αὐτὸς ὧν νεκρὸς δύναται ζωοποιῆσαι, καὶ παραχρῆμα σωθήσεται. καὶ οὕτως ἐποίουν. ἔχεις πάλιν καὶ ἐν τούτοις τὴν δόξαν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, ὅτε ἐν αὐτῷ πάντα καὶ εἰς αὐτόν. Τί λέγει πάλιν 258 THE EPISTLE OF BARNABAS. [χι: Mavoys ᾿Ιησοῦ vig Ναυή, ἐπιθεὶς αὐτῷ τοῦτο τὸ ὄνομα, ὄντι προφήτῃ, ἵνα μόνον ἀκούσῃ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς ὅτι ὁ πατὴρ πάντα φανεροῖ περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ Ἰησοῦ; λέγει οὖν Μωῦσης Ἰησοῦ υἱῷ Νανή, ἐπιθεὶς τοῦτο ὄνομα, ὁπότε ἔπεμψεν αὐτὸν κατάσκοπον τῆς γῆς" Λάβε Βιβλίον εἰς τὰς χεῖράς ΤΟΥ Kal γράψον ἃ λέγει Κύριος, ὅτι ἐκκόψει ἐκ ῥιζῶν τὸν οἶκον TIANTA τοῦ ᾿Αμδλὴκ ὁ γίός τοῦ Θεοῦ én’ ἐοχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν. ἔδε πάλιν ᾿Ιησοῦς, οὐχὶ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀλλὰ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, τύπῳ δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ φανερωθείς. Ἐπεὶ οὖν μέλλουσιν λέγειν ὅτι Χριστὸς υἱὸς Δαυείδ ἐστιν, αὐτὸς προφητεύει Aaveld, φοβούμενος καὶ συνίων τὴν πλάνην τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν" Εἶπεν Κύριος τῷ Κγρίῳ μογ᾽ Κάθογ ἐκ δεξιῶν moy ἕως ἂν θῶ TOYC ἐχθρούς COY ὑποπόδιον τῶν ποδῶν Coy. II. καὶ πάλεν λέγει οὕτως ᾿Ησαΐας" Εἶπεν Κύριος τῷ Χριςτῷ μογ Κγρίῳ, oy ἐκρά- THCA τῆς δεξιάς δύτοῦ, ἐπδκοῦοδι ἔμπροςθεν ayTOY ἔθνη, Kal icyyn δΒδειλέων διαρρήξω. ἴδε πῶς Aayeid λέγει αὐτὸν Κύριον, καὶ υἱὸν οὐ λέγει.